What does a galvo scanner do?

 A galvo scanner (short for galvanometer scanner) is an optical device that rapidly steers a laser beam or light beam to precise positions by using small, fast-moving mirrors.

Here’s what it does and how it works:

Core Function

  • Beam Steering:
    The galvo scanner moves a laser or light beam horizontally (X-axis), vertically (Y-axis), or in complex patterns by tilting mirrors at high speed and with extreme accuracy.

How It Works

  1. Galvanometer Motor:
    Each mirror is mounted on a galvanometer—a type of motor that rotates proportionally to an input electrical signal.

  2. Controller & Feedback:
    Sensors provide feedback so the system knows the exact angle of each mirror, enabling precise positioning.

  3. Two-Mirror Setup:
    Most systems use two mirrors: one for X-axis movement and another for Y-axis movement, allowing 2D scanning.


Typical Uses

  • Laser Marking & Engraving: Directs the laser to etch or cut materials like metals, plastics, or wood.

  • 3D Printing & Stereolithography: Cures resin or powder layer by layer with pinpoint accuracy.

  • Medical & Ophthalmology: Guides surgical or diagnostic lasers (e.g., retinal scanning, laser eye surgery).

  • Lidar & Imaging: Scans environments for mapping and distance measurement.

Key Advantages

  • High Speed: Capable of moving a beam thousands of times per second.

  • ​Precision: Micron-level positioning accuracy.

  • Flexibility: Can create complex shapes or patterns without moving the entire laser head.

In short, a galvo scanner is the mechanism that rapidly and precisely aims a laser beam, making it essential for applications where fast, accurate beam positioning is critical.


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